Ferini ibikoresho byo guteranya byashyizwe ku ngoma ya feri cyangwa disikuru izunguruka hamwe n’uruziga, aho umurongo wo guterana hamwe n’igitereko cyo guterana byatewe n’umuvuduko wo hanze kugira ngo bitange ubushyamirane kugira ngo ugere ku ntego yo kwihuta kw'imodoka.
Igice cyo guteranya ni ibikoresho byo guterana bisunikwa na piston ya clamp hanyuma ukanyunyuza kuriferi, kubera ingaruka zo guterana, guhagarika friction bizambarwa buhoro buhoro, mubisanzwe, igiciro cyo hasi cya feri cyambara vuba.Igice cyo guteranya kigabanyijemo ibice bibiri: ibikoresho byo guterana hamwe nisahani fatizo.Ibikoresho byo guterana bimaze gushira, isahani yibanze izahita ihura na disiki ya feri, amaherezo izatakaza feri kandi yangize disiki ya feri, kandi amafaranga yo gusana disiki ya feri ahenze cyane.
Muri rusange, ibyangombwa byingenzi bisabwa kuri feri ni ukurwanya kwambara, coefficient nini yo guterana amagambo, hamwe nuburyo bwiza bwo kubika ubushyuhe.
Ukurikije uburyo butandukanye bwo gufata feri irashobora kugabanywamo: feri yingoma yingoma hamwe na feri ya feri, ukurikije ibikoresho bitandukanye feri irashobora kugabanywa mubwoko bwa asibesitosi, ubwoko bwa metallic metallic, ubwoko bwa NAO (ni ukuvuga ibikoresho kama bitari asibesitosi ubwoko) feri ya feri nibindi bitatu.
Hamwe niterambere ryihuse ryikoranabuhanga rigezweho, kimwe nibindi bice bya sisitemu ya feri, feri ubwayo yagiye ihinduka kandi ihinduka mumyaka yashize.
Mubikorwa gakondo byo gukora, ibikoresho byo guteranya bikoreshwa mumashanyarazi ya feri nuruvange rwibintu bitandukanye cyangwa inyongeramusaruro, aho fibre yongeweho kugirango yongere imbaraga kandi ikore nkibishimangira.Abakora feri ya feri bakunda gucecekesha umunwa mugihe cyo gutangaza ibikoresho byakoreshejwe, cyane cyane bishya.Ingaruka yanyuma ya feri ya feri, kwambara, kurwanya ubushyuhe nibindi bintu bizaterwa nikigereranyo cyibice bitandukanye.Ibikurikira ni ikiganiro kigufi cyibikoresho bitandukanye bya feri.
Ubwoko bwa feri ya asibesitosi
Asibesitosi yakoreshejwe nk'ibikoresho byo gushimangira feri kuva mu ntangiriro.Fibre ya asibesitosi ifite imbaraga nyinshi kandi irwanya ubushyuhe bwinshi, kuburyo ishobora kuzuza ibisabwa bya feri ya feri na disiki ya clutch hamwe na linings.Fibre ifite imbaraga zingana cyane, ndetse ihuye niy'icyuma cyo mu rwego rwo hejuru, kandi irashobora kwihanganira ubushyuhe bugera kuri 316 ° C.Icy'ingenzi cyane, asibesitosi ihendutse kandi ikurwa mu bucukuzi bwa amphibole, buboneka ku bwinshi mu bihugu byinshi.
Asibesitosi byagaragaye ko ari imiti itera kanseri.Fibre zayo zimeze nkurushinge zirashobora kwinjira mubihaha byoroshye kandi bikaguma aho, bigatera uburakari kandi amaherezo bigatera kanseri yibihaha, ariko igihe cyihishe cyiyi ndwara gishobora kumara imyaka 15-30, kuburyo abantu akenshi batazi ingaruka zatewe asibesitosi.
Igihe cyose fibre ya asibesitosi ikosowe nibikoresho byo guterana ubwabyo ntibishobora guteza ingaruka ku buzima ku bakozi, ariko iyo fibre ya asibesitosi irekuwe hamwe no gufatira feri kugirango ibe umukungugu wa feri, birashobora kuba urukurikirane rwingaruka zubuzima.
Dukurikije ibizamini byakozwe n’ishyirahamwe ry’abanyamerika bashinzwe umutekano n’ubuzima (OSHA), igihe cyose hakozwe ikizamini gisanzwe cyo guterana amagambo, feri izajya itanga amamiriyoni ya fibre asibesitosi isohoka mu kirere, kandi fibre ni nto cyane kuruta umusatsi w’umuntu, bikaba bitagaragara ku jisho ryonyine, bityo umwuka ushobora gukuramo fibre ibihumbi n'ibihumbi bya asibesitosi abantu batabizi.Mu buryo nk'ubwo, niba ingoma ya feri cyangwa ibice bya feri mu mukungugu wa feri byajugunywe mu kirere, birashobora kandi kuba fibre ya asibesitosi itabarika mu kirere, kandi uyu mukungugu, ntabwo uzagira ingaruka ku buzima bwumukanishi wakazi, kimwe nacyo kizatera kwangiza ubuzima kubandi bakozi bose bahari.Ndetse ibikorwa bimwe byoroshye cyane nko gukubita ingoma ya feri ninyundo kugirango irekure kandi ureke ivumbi rya feri yimbere, rishobora no kubyara fibre nyinshi ya asibesitosi ireremba mukirere.Igiteye impungenge kurushaho ni uko iyo fibre imaze kureremba mu kirere izamara amasaha hanyuma igahagarara ku myambaro, ameza, ibikoresho, ndetse n'ubundi buso ushobora gutekereza.Igihe icyo ari cyo cyose bahuye nacyo (nko gukora isuku, kugenda, gukoresha ibikoresho bya pneumatike kugirango bitange umwuka), bazongera kureremba mu kirere.Akenshi, ibi bikoresho nibimara kwinjira mubikorwa byakazi, bizagumaho amezi cyangwa imyaka, bitera ingaruka zubuzima kubantu bakorera ndetse no kubakiriya.
Ishyirahamwe ry’Abanyamerika bashinzwe umutekano n’ubuzima (OSHA) rivuga kandi ko ari umutekano gusa ku bantu bakorera mu bidukikije birimo fibre itarenga 0.2 ya asibesitosi kuri metero kare, kandi ko ivumbi rya asibesitosi riva mu mirimo isanzwe yo gusana feri rigomba kugabanywa no gukora ibyo bishobora gutuma irekurwa ryumukungugu (nko gukanda feri ya feri, nibindi) bigomba kwirindwa bishoboka.
Ariko usibye kubangamira ubuzima, hari ikindi kibazo cyingenzi kijyanye na feri ya asibesitosi.Kubera ko asibesitosi ari adiabatic, ubushyuhe bwayo bwumuriro burakennye cyane, kandi gukoresha feri inshuro nyinshi bizatera ubushyuhe kwiyongera muri feri.Niba feri igeze kurwego runaka rwubushyuhe, feri izananirwa.
Iyo abakora ibinyabiziga nabatanga feri bahisemo gukora ubundi buryo bushya kandi butekanye kuri asibesitosi, ibikoresho bishya byo guteranya byakozwe icyarimwe.Izi nizo "sem-metallic" zivanze hamwe na feri ya feri itari asibesitosi (NAO) yavuzwe hepfo.
"Semi-metallic" feri ya feri
"Semi-met" ivanze feri ya feri ikozwe cyane cyane mubwoya bwicyuma cyoroshye nka fibre ikomeza kandi ivanze ningirakamaro.Urebye (fibre nziza nuduce) biroroshye gutandukanya ubwoko bwa asibesitosi nubwoko bwa feri ya feri ya asibesitosi (NAO), kandi nabwo ni magnetique muri kamere.
Imbaraga nyinshi hamwe nubushyuhe bwumuriro wubwoya bwicyuma bituma "feri-metallic" ivanze na feri ifite feri itandukanye ya feri itandukanye na asibesitosi gakondo.Ibyuma birebire kandi bihindura ibiranga ubwumvikane buke bwa feri, mubisanzwe bivuze ko feri ya "semi-metallic" isaba feri isaba umuvuduko mwinshi kugirango feri igerweho.Ibyuma byinshi, cyane cyane mubushyuhe bukonje, bivuze kandi ko padi izatera kwambara hejuru kuri disiki cyangwa ingoma, ndetse no gutanga urusaku rwinshi.
Inyungu nyamukuru ya feri ya "Semi-metal" ni ubushobozi bwo kugenzura ubushyuhe hamwe nubushyuhe bwo hejuru bwa feri, ugereranije nubushobozi buke bwo kohereza ubushyuhe bwubwoko bwa asibesitosi hamwe nubushobozi buke bwo gukonjesha disiki ya feri ningoma.Ubushyuhe bwimurirwa kuri caliper n'ibiyigize.Birumvikana, niba ubu bushyuhe budakozwe neza birashobora no guteza ibibazo.Ubushyuhe bwa feri ya feri izamuka iyo ishyushye, kandi niba ubushyuhe bugeze kurwego runaka bizatera feri kugabanuka kandi amazi ya feri abira.Ubu bushyuhe kandi bugira ingaruka kuri caliper, kashe ya piston no kugaruka kumasoko, bizihutisha gusaza kwibi bice, niyo mpamvu yo kongera guteranya Caliper no gusimbuza ibice byicyuma mugihe cyo gusana feri.
Ibikoresho byo gufata feri itari asibesitosi (NAO)
Ibikoresho bya feri bitari asibesitosi bifashisha cyane cyane fibre yikirahure, fibre ya polycool ya aromatic cyangwa izindi fibre (karubone, ceramic, nibindi) nkibikoresho byongera imbaraga, imikorere yabyo biterwa ahanini nubwoko bwa fibre nibindi bivanze.
Ibikoresho bya feri bitari asibesitosi byakozwe cyane cyane muburyo bwa kristu ya asibesitosi yingoma ya feri cyangwa inkweto za feri, ariko vuba aha nazo zirageragezwa nkizisimbuza feri yimbere.Kubijyanye nimikorere, feri ya feri ya NAO yegereye feri ya asibesitosi kuruta feri yicyuma.Ntabwo ifite ubushyuhe bwiza bwumuriro hamwe nubushyuhe bwo hejuru bwo kugenzura nkibice byuma byuma.
Nigute ibikoresho bishya bya NAO bigereranya na feri ya asibesitosi?Ibikoresho bisanzwe bishingiye kuri asibesitosi birimo ibice bitanu kugeza kuri birindwi bivanze, birimo fibre ya asibesitosi yo gushimangira, ibikoresho bitandukanye byongeweho, hamwe na binders nkamavuta yimyenda, resin, kubyutsa amajwi ya benzene, hamwe na resin.Mugereranije, ibikoresho byo guteranya NAO birimo ibice cumi na birindwi bitandukanye, kubera ko gukuraho asibesitosi ntabwo ari kimwe no kuyisimbuza umusimbura, ahubwo bisaba kuvanga binini kugirango harebwe imikorere ya feri ihwanye cyangwa irenze imikorere ya feri yo guhagarika asibesitosi.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Werurwe-23-2022