I. Ibipimo bigezweho byinganda zikora feri yimodoka mubushinwa.
GB5763-2008 Feri Yerekana Imodoka
TB
GB / T5766-2006 “Uburyo bwo Gukoresha Ikizamini cya Rockwell kubikoresho byo guteranya
JC / T472-
JC / T527-93 “uburyo bwo guteranya ibikoresho byo gutwika vector uburyo bwo gupima
JC / T528-93 “uburyo bwo guteranya ibintu acetone ikemura ikibazo uburyo bwo gupima
JC / T685-1998 “Uburyo bwo gupima ibintu byuzuye
QC / T472-1999 “Imashini zifata feri irwanya amazi, amazi yumunyu, amavuta nuburyo bwo gupima imikorere ya feri
QC / T473-1999 “Uburyo bwo kugerageza imbaraga zo gukata imbere ibikoresho bya feri yimodoka
QC / T583-1999 Uburyo bwikizamini kugirango ugaragaze ububobere bwa feri yimodoka
QC / T42-1992 “Isuzuma ryubuso bwibintu nibikoresho bya disiki yimodoka ya feri yo guhagarika feri nyuma yo kwipimisha
Icya kabiri, feri itondekanya inganda mpuzamahanga sisitemu mpuzamahanga.
Feri yo mumahanga, itumanaho (blok) hamwe nibipimo byiteranirizo ahanini ni urukurikirane rwiburayi, urukurikirane rw’Amerika, Ubuyapani (Ubuyapani (Uruganda rukora amamodoka mu Buyapani) hamwe na ISO, urutonde rwa ISO rwatejwe imbere cyane cyane rushingiye ku bipimo by’Uburayi.
Ibipimo byabanyamerika ni SAE, FMVSS, AMECA, nibindi ..
Ibipimo byuburayi cyane cyane kumabwiriza nka AK (nka AK1, AK2, AK3, AKM), ECE (R13, R13H, R90), EEC71 / 320.
Ibipimo byabayapani ni JASO na JIS D.
Ibipimo byabanyamerika nu Burayi ahanini bigabanijwemo abashyitsi hamwe na FMVSS muri FMVSS121, 122, 105, 135 na AMECA na R13, R13H na ISO11057, imyambarire (nyuma yanyuma) nka SAE2430, TP121, R90 kandi yujuje ibyangombwa bisabwa na ECERl3 , n'ibindi ..
Nta bipimo byemewe muri Amerika, ariko bigomba kwemezwa mbere yo kugurisha, Uburayi ku isoko rigenga mbere yo kugurisha bigomba kuba icyemezo cya EMARK.
ISO15484-2005 (DIS) ishingiye cyane cyane kumiterere yambere yisi yose kandi yateye imbere, ivuga SAE, JASO, JIS D, ECE R90, kandi itanga ibisabwa kugirango igenzurwe ubuziranenge, nibipimo byuzuye byerekana ibinyabiziga.
Uhereye mu bihugu byateye imbere mu mahanga no mu mahanga, byita cyane ku bipimo byerekana feri, bifite umuryango wihariye ugomba kubiryozwa, ukurikije imikorere mpuzamahanga, ibipimo by’ifaranga ry’Ubushinwa na byo bigomba kwitirirwa inganda z’imodoka, ndetse n’ishyirwaho. ya komite idasanzwe yo kwishora mubikorwa, kugirango byoroherezwe kubahiriza amahame mpuzamahanga nka.
(1) Ishirahamwe ISO
Isohora rya feri ya ISO ijyanye na feri yimodoka ikurikirana ibipimo ngenderwaho 21 na 1 byisi yose, hamwe nibipimo 6 bifitanye isano, ibipimo bya feri byakozwe na TC22 / SC2 / WG2, itsinda ryayo rya WG2 kuri SC2 mumatsinda atanu akora mumatsinda manini akora, kubera ko imirongo ya feri igira uruhare mukurinda no kurengera ibidukikije, guhera 2005 ikuzura abakozi benshi, kandi igenda ikurikirana ibipimo bitandatu.
(2) Uburayi
Sisitemu y’ibihugu by’i Burayi ishyiraho amabwiriza ngenderwaho, yateguwe na WP29, WP29 izina ryuzuye ry’ihuriro ry’umuryango w’abibumbye rishinzwe guhuza ibinyabiziga ku isi (ryitwa UN / WP29), rishinzwe cyane cyane amabwiriza ya ECE no gushyira mu bikorwa ivugurura ry’imirimo WP29 ifite komite yimodoka GRRF kugirango itezimbere amategeko yimodoka, amabwiriza yo gufata feri, ibipimo byateguwe numuryango FEMFM.Gufata feri amabwiriza arimo ECE Rl3, ECE Rl3H, ECE R90.
(3) Ubuyapani
Ibipimo byerekana feri yu Buyapani ni JIS na JASO, JISJ Ubuyapani Ubuziranenge bwinganda Ubushakashatsi, JASO nu nganda z’imodoka z’Abayapani.Ubuyapani JIS ibipimo byimodoka kuri ubu byose hamwe 248. Feri yimodoka itondekanya JIS ifite ibintu 13 bingana na%.
Ishami ry’Ubuyapani ryita ku binyabiziga (JASO) ryashyizeho ishyirahamwe ryumvikana cyane, ukurikije ubuhanga n’imirima bitandukanye byashyizeho komite tekinike ijyanye nayo (ni ukuvuga Minisiteri), harimo: feri, umutekano, chassis yumubiri, ibikoresho byamashanyarazi, moteri, ibice bisanzwe, ibikoresho, moto zifite ibiziga bibiri, imikorere yimodoka;buri komite tekinike kandi ishyiraho umubare utandukanye wa komite zikoranabuhanga (ni ukuvuga ibice bizaba).Ifite ishami rya feri, rigizwe nimodoka, ibice, uruganda rukora ibikoresho.Umubare wibipimo byabayapani JASO ubungubu ni 297. Muri byo, harimo feri 20.Konti ya%.
(4) Amerika
Ibipimo byerekana feri yo muri Amerika na Sosiyete y'Abanyamerika y'Abashinzwe Imodoka (Sosiyete y'Abashinzwe Imodoka, bita SAE) ishinzwe guteza imbere ibikoresho by'ubushakashatsi SAE ni imodoka, amakamyo n'ibinyabiziga by'ubwubatsi, indege, moteri, ibikoresho n'inganda, n'ibindi. SAE ibipimo byatejwe imbere nububasha, bikoreshwa cyane ninganda zitwara ibinyabiziga nizindi nganda, kandi umubare utari muto muribo byemejwe nkibipimo byigihugu bya Amerika.Kugeza ubu, SAE ifite abanyamuryango barenga 84.000 mu bihugu 97 kandi yongeraho cyangwa ivugurura inyandiko zirenga 600 z’ubwubatsi bw’imodoka n’ikirere buri mwaka.Muri byo, hari amahame 17 ajyanye no gufata feri.
Icya gatatu, duhereye ku bipimo mpuzamahanga byavuzwe haruguru ndetse n’amahanga, ibipimo by’Ubushinwa n’ibipimo by’amahanga byateye imbere bifite intera nini hagati.
1, akazi gasanzwe karatinze.Ibipimo byibicuruzwa nibigo bikora mubikorwa no gukora bigomba kubahiriza amategeko yo mu rwego rwo hejuru, ariko kandi nibintu byingenzi bijyanye niterambere rya tekiniki niterambere ryiza ryinganda.Abakoresha hasi yinganda zinganda zikora cyane mubikorwa byakazi byo guterana amagambo bakomeje gushyira imbere tekiniki zisumbuyeho, kugirango rero kugirango ibipimo bya tekiniki bigaragaze icyerekezo cyibipimo bya siyansi, bigezweho, ibisabwa mubikorwa no guhuza isoko, kugirango bagere kumikorere yubuziranenge mpuzamahanga , ariko kandi igomba "kugendana nibihe", buri gihe cyangwa bidasanzwe kugirango ibipimo bishya byongere ibisobanuro nibipimo bishaje Kuvugurura umurimo.Ariko uko imyaka yagiye ihita kubera imbogamizi zinzego no kubura amafaranga, imirimo yubuziranenge yasigaye inyuma cyane mu iterambere ry’inganda no kuzamura ibicuruzwa mu buryo nyabwo, ubumwe bw’ibipimo bihari, ubutware bw’ikibazo gikomeye, ariko kandi n’ubuyobozi bwa tekinike bwa inganda niterambere ryamasoko mpuzamahanga bizana ingorane nyinshi.
2, nta feri, umurongo woherejwe (guhagarika) no guteranya sisitemu isanzwe.
3, ibisabwa bisanzwe bya tekiniki hamwe nuburyo bwikizamini buracyari murugero ruto, imiterere yikizamini gihamye, hamwe nubuziranenge bwamahanga kugirango bigane feri nyirizina kandi ikinyuranyo cyikigereranyo cya 1: 1 ni kinini.
4, byihutirwa gufata amahame.Nyuma yo kwinjira mu kinyejana cya 21, Ubushinwa bwagarutse muri WTO, umuvuduko w’ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga wihuse, ubukungu bw’igihugu cy’Ubushinwa bukomeje gutera imbere byihuse.Kuvugurura inzego inzego za leta, icyahoze ari Biro y’ibikoresho bya Leta byavanyweho.Ivugurura rya gahunda y’ibigo bya Leta ryarangiye.Ariko icyiciro cya mbere cya feri yerekana uburyo bwa tekinike yibanze ntabwo cyongeye gusobanurwa, bigatuma imirimo yo kuvugurura inganda zashizwe mubushinwa ibikorwa byo kuvugurura byahoze bihagarara.Mu myaka 5 kugeza kuri 6 ishize, feri, itumanaho (guhagarika) hamwe no guteranya (ibikoresho byo guteranya) bya ISO, JIS, JASO, SAE, FMVSS, AK, ECE nandi mahame mpuzamahanga hamwe n’ibipimo ngenderwaho n’amahanga byateye imbere bihora bivugururwa.Ikinyuranyo hagati yUbushinwa n’ibipimo by’amahanga cyongeye kwiyongera.Mu rwego rwo guhuza n’iterambere ry’ubukungu bw’isoko ry’imbere mu gihugu ndetse n’amahanga, kugira ngo turusheho gushimangira ihanahana ry’ubucuruzi n’umuryango mpuzamahanga, kongera kubaka feri y’igihugu, imiyoboro y’itumanaho (guhagarika) hamwe n’iteraniro (ibikoresho byo guteranya) komite ishinzwe tekinike yihutirwa, aribwo feri iriho ubu, umurongo wohereza (guhagarika) hamwe ninganda ziterana mubikorwa byambere mubushinwa.
5, ibicuruzwa bya feri, nubwo hariho amahame yigihugu, amahame yinganda, amahanga yateye imbere afite urwego rwuzuye rwa ISO, SAE, JASO na ECER yu Burayi, amabwiriza ya EEC, nibindi, amahame yigihugu, inganda ugereranije n’urwego rutandukanye ni runini , ntabwo bifasha kwitabira ibicuruzwa mumarushanwa mpuzamahanga, kandi sisitemu isanzwe ihari ntabwo yumvikana, hariho amahame yuburyo bwinshi ntabwo atunganye.Ibipimo ngenderwaho byibicuruzwa byigihugu kurwego rwo hasi, bivamo guhatana bidahwitse muruganda, hamwe nuburyo butandukanye bwibigo, tekinoroji itandukanye yumusaruro, uburyo bumwe bwo gupima ntabwo buhuye nibikenewe, bimwe bikeneye kunozwa.
6, ibigo mpuzamahanga bizwi cyane byo guteranya ibikoresho ni TMD, Pfeiffer, Morse, Aki Polo, nibindi, buri ruganda rutanga umusaruro 100% wibikoresho byo guteranya ibinyabiziga, kugurisha buri mwaka birenga miliyari 5 Yuan, gushyira mubikorwa ibipimo ngenderwaho bya SAE shingiro Amabwiriza ya J na ECE hamwe na AK.
Icya kane, Ubushinwa buriho ibigo bipima feri.
Ibigo byapima ibikoresho byujuje ubuziranenge byujuje ubuziranenge Ikigo cyigihugu gishinzwe gupima amabuye y'agaciro atari ubutare, Ikigo cy’ibizamini by’imodoka (Changchun);izindi nzego zintara ni Zhejiang Auto Parts Centre Centre, Hubei, Shandong, Fujian, Gansu, Chongqing, nibindi, byakoraga ubucuruzi bwambere kubizamini bya Zhejiang Auto Parts Centre, ubucuruzi buracyari bwiza kuruta Ikigo cyigihugu gishinzwe ibicuruzwa bitarimo ubutare. kwipimisha (Xianyang).
V. Ibikoresho byo gupima feri mubushinwa biriho
Ubushinwa buriho bwerekana feri ikora neza kandi ni itegeko gusa GB5763-1998.
Gusubiramo ibikoresho bipima ibikoresho birakennye cyane, kubera imashini igerageza yihuta ni ibikoresho bitari bisanzwe, cyane cyane nibikoresho bya disiki yikizamini ntabwo byemewe, ibigo byipima intara kumashini yipimisha ntabwo bihinduka cyangwa igikoresho gusa kuri kalibrasi, kandi abayikora ntabwo bahuguwe byumwihariko, ibizamini byubunini bwubunini butandukanye, gusya kwambere ntabwo kurangira, kugenzura ubushyuhe ntabwo bihari, umuvuduko wimashini yipimisha uratandukanye, ufatanije nabakora uruganda rutandukanye rwimashini zipima, ikosa ryimashini yipimisha Kinini kugeza kuri 15-30% (mugereranya ryikigereranyo cyumwaka no kugereranya ibihingwa byakiriwe), gukora imashini zipima zidafite uruhushya rwa metero, nibindi .. Gusa ibikoresho byo gupima bihujwe na kalibibasi hamwe na disiki yo guteranya ukoresheje icyiciro kimwe cyibikoresho byo guta hamwe nicyiciro kimwe cyo kuvura hejuru kuri kubona ibisubizo bizaba bisa.
Santa numuhanga mubukora feri yimodoka na disiki mubushinwa, afite uburambe bwimyaka 15.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gashyantare-07-2022